Raphael Klöckner

Raphael Klöckner is a PhD student in Political Science at the University of Mannheim, where he is also affiliated with the Chair of Empirical Democracy Research.

He obtained both his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Political Science from the University of Mannheim. During his studies, he developed a strong interest in political behaviour, democratic attitudes, and quantitative empirical research.

Raphael’s main research focus lies in political behaviour and political sociology, particularly the role of perceived freedom of expression in democratic societies. His dissertation examines how subjective free speech shapes political participation, self-censorship, and citizens’ willingness to engage in the political process. More broadly, his research is concerned with democratic legitimacy, public opinion, and the social and political consequences of perceived restrictions on expression.